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docs/note/learn/PHP扩展开发/01-骨架.md
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docs/note/learn/PHP扩展开发/01-骨架.md
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title: PHP 扩展开发(一)-骨架
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---
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> 学习了这么久的 php,还一直停留在 CURD 也太捞了,来接触一下扩展开发
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> 官方的文档:[http://php.net/manual/zh/internals2.php](http://php.net/manual/zh/internals2.php) 可以 mark 一下
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## 环境
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- php7.2
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- ubuntu18.04
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- gcc 7.3.0
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- make 4.1
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## 开始
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### ext_skel
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> [http://php.net/manual/zh/internals2.buildsys.skeleton.php](http://php.net/manual/zh/internals2.buildsys.skeleton.php)
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首先我们要利用 php 给我们提供的 ext_skel 脚本工具生成我们扩展的骨架,这个文件一般在 php 的源码的 ext 目录下面
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这里我弄一个扩展名字为**study**的扩展 --extname 这个参数为扩展名字,还有其他的参数可以在上面的链接文档中看到
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```shell
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huanl@huanl-CN15S:/www/server/php/72/src/ext$ sudo ./ext_skel --extname=study
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Creating directory study
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Creating basic files: config.m4 config.w32 .gitignore study.c php_study.h CREDITS EXPERIMENTAL tests/001.phpt study.php [done].
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To use your new extension, you will have to execute the following steps:
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1. $ cd ..
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2. $ vi ext/study/config.m4
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3. $ ./buildconf
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4. $ ./configure --[with|enable]-study
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5. $ make
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6. $ ./sapi/cli/php -f ext/study/study.php
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7. $ vi ext/study/study.c
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8. $ make
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Repeat steps 3-6 until you are satisfied with ext/study/config.m4 and
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step 6 confirms that your module is compiled into PHP. Then, start writing
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code and repeat the last two steps as often as necessary.
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```
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这里创建完成之后,就多了一个 study 的目录,我们可以进入这个扩展目录,进行一些操作,这里的话,因为我的用户没有权限,所以我直接的给了 777 权限
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```shell
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huanl@huanl-CN15S:/www/server/php/72/src/ext$ sudo chmod -R 777 study/
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```
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### 编译安装
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#### 目录结构
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之后我们进入这个扩展目录,有这些文件,官方的文档:[http://php.net/manual/zh/internals2.structure.files.php](http://php.net/manual/zh/internals2.structure.files.php)
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```shell
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huanl@huanl-CN15S:/www/server/php/72/src/ext$ cd study/
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huanl@huanl-CN15S:/www/server/php/72/src/ext/study$ ls
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config.m4 CREDITS php_study.h study.php
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config.w32 EXPERIMENTAL study.c tests
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```
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等下我们需要修改**config.m4**文件,这相当于是一个编译配置的文档,是 Unix 下的,还有一个**config.w32**看名字就知道是 Windows 下的
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**study.c**和**php_study.h**这是依照我们的扩展名称来帮我们生成的两个源文件,包括了一些宏的定义和函数声明等等
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**study.php**可以用 php cli 来测试我们的扩展是否安装成功
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#### config.m4
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> [http://php.net/manual/zh/internals2.buildsys.configunix.php](http://php.net/manual/zh/internals2.buildsys.configunix.php)
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要进行一下修改,是动态编译成 so 库还是静态编译进 php 里面,这里我们扩展开发自然是动态编译成 so 库,不然还得重新编译 php
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去掉前面的 dnl,例如下面这个
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```
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dnl If your extension references something external, use with:
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# 编译成so库
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PHP_ARG_WITH(study, for study support,
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Make sure that the comment is aligned:
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[ --with-study Include study support])
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dnl Otherwise use enable:
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# 静态编译
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dnl PHP_ARG_ENABLE(study, whether to enable study support,
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dnl Make sure that the comment is aligned:
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dnl [ --enable-study Enable study support])
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```
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### 编译
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我们需要用**phpize**生成编译的配置的文件**configure**,然后**make**,**make install**就完成了,make install 的时候注意用 sudo
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```shell
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huanl@huanl-CN15S:/www/server/php/72/src/ext/study$ phpize
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Configuring for:
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PHP Api Version: 20170718
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Zend Module Api No: 20170718
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Zend Extension Api No: 320170718
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huanl@huanl-CN15S:/www/server/php/72/src/ext/study$ ./configure --with-php-config=/www/server/php/72/bin/php-config
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# 这里注意配置php的配置文件
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huanl@huanl-CN15S:/www/server/php/72/src/ext/study$ make
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huanl@huanl-CN15S:/www/server/php/72/src/ext/study$ sudo make install
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Installing shared extensions: /www/server/php/72/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20170718/
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```
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### 配置
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完成之后我们要在**php.ini**文件中加载扩展,不然我们运行`php study.php`的时候不会成功
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这样可以看 ini 文件在哪里
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```shell
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huanl@huanl-CN15S:/www/server/php/72/src/ext/study$ php --ini
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Configuration File (php.ini) Path: /www/server/php/72/etc
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Loaded Configuration File: /www/server/php/72/etc/php.ini
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Scan for additional .ini files in: (none)
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Additional .ini files parsed: (none)
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```
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增加一行
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```
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extension=study.so
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```
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## 完成
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这时候我们执行目录下的那个`study.php`
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```shell
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huanl@huanl-CN15S:/www/server/php/72/src/ext/study$ php study.php
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Functions available in the test extension:
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confirm_study_compiled
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Congratulations! You have successfully modified ext/study/config.m4. Module study is now compiled into PHP.
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```
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